Against Apion
c. 97
Josephus’s defense of Jewish antiquity against Greek and Egyptian critics. Book I preserves Manetho’s account of the Shepherd-kings (Hyksos), their rule from Avaris, and their expulsion toward Syria/Judea—the classical source for equating that expulsion with Israel’s departure from Egypt.
Translated by William Whiston
English translation by William Whiston (1737). Public domain. Digital text via Project Gutenberg.
Contents
Book I
- Book I, Section 1
- Book I, Section 2
- Book I, Section 3
- Book I, Section 4
- Book I, Section 5
- Book I, Section 6
- Book I, Section 7
- Book I, Section 8
- Book I, Section 9
- Book I, Section 10
- Book I, Section 11
- Book I, Section 12
- Book I, Section 13
- Book I, Section 14
- Book I, Section 15
- Book I, Section 16
- Book I, Section 17
- Book I, Section 18
- Book I, Section 19
- Book I, Section 20
- Book I, Section 21
- Book I, Section 22
- Book I, Section 23
- Book I, Section 24
- Book I, Section 25
- Book I, Section 26
- Book I, Section 27
- Book I, Section 28
- Book I, Section 29
- Book I, Section 30
- Book I, Section 31
- Book I, Section 32
- Book I, Section 33
- Book I, Section 34
- Book I, Section 35
Book II
- Book II, Section 1
- Book II, Section 2
- Book II, Section 3
- Book II, Section 4
- Book II, Section 5
- Book II, Section 6
- Book II, Section 7
- Book II, Section 8
- Book II, Section 9
- Book II, Section 10
- Book II, Section 11
- Book II, Section 12
- Book II, Section 13
- Book II, Section 14
- Book II, Section 15
- Book II, Section 16
- Book II, Section 17
- Book II, Section 18
- Book II, Section 19
- Book II, Section 20
- Book II, Section 21
- Book II, Section 22
- Book II, Section 23
- Book II, Section 24
- Book II, Section 25
- Book II, Section 26
- Book II, Section 27
- Book II, Section 28
- Book II, Section 29
- Book II, Section 30
- Book II, Section 31
- Book II, Section 32
- Book II, Section 33
- Book II, Section 34
- Book II, Section 35
- Book II, Section 36
- Book II, Section 37
- Book II, Section 38
- Book II, Section 39
- Book II, Section 40
- Book II, Section 41
- Book II, Section 42